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7.3 Voltage (electric potential difference).

7.2 Electric current (current of charge).

7 Electricity, electronics and electrical engineering.

6.10 Energy carried by mechanical quantities, mechanical work.

6.8 Angular velocity or rotations per time unit.

6.7 Pressure (flux density of linear momentum).

5.3 Orientation in three-dimensional space.

Virtual instrumentation is widely used in the development of modern measuring instruments. These instruments may range from simple objects such as rulers and stopwatches to electron microscopes and particle accelerators. All measuring instruments are subject to varying degrees of instrument error and measurement uncertainty. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained. Established standard objects and events are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. In the physical sciences, quality assurance, and engineering, measurement is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects and events.

A measuring instrument for radio waves: the 64-meter radio telescope at Parkes Observatory, Australia, as seen in 1969, when it was used to receive live televised video from Apollo 11Ī measuring instrument is a device to measure a physical quantity.